Spatial Data Creation using QGIS Software
Spatial data can be created using any GIS software, these spatial data can be created as line, point and polygon through which any feature of earth surface can be represented. All the linear features of can be represented by line entity, where as enclosed or area can be represented by polygon, these spatial data also called as vector data.
GIS has many function and tools which can apply to create spatial data. These spatial data can be apply to many field for further studies.
In this article, spatial data creation through QGIS software is discussed.
Line Feature creation in QGIS
Open QGIS by clicking on Start then go to All
Programs and then click QGIS Desktop 3.8.3
Following window will open
Open the georeferenced toposheet via Layer then click Add Layer followed by Add Raster Layer
Following pop up window (Data source manager raster) will open.
Browse and select the georeferenced toposheet for line features (line is used
to create linear features like road, railway, drainage etc) creation via Raster data set and Add button.
Georeferenced toposheet will open.
Now for Line layer creation, click on Layer then click Create
layer followed by New Shape file Layer
New Shapefile layer window will
popup
Now In the above popup window define the File name.
Select Geometry type - ‘Line’ as here we want to create line layer.
Now specify Coordinate reference system (CRS) same as toposheet. For this
click on Select CRS. A CRS selector
popup will open, here define the co-ordinate system and Click on ‘OK’
Specify the attribute fields to the layer that
we have created. If we want to create layer of roads then we will add ‘Name’
of the road as new field and Road type as other fields. For New field to be added, an appropriate Name, Type
(like text, whole number, decimal number and date) and Length must be selected.
Click on ‘Add to Field List’ and the
attribute will be added to the field list as shown below
In the same way, you can add other fields like Road type etc. and
once all the fields added, click on OK.
Note: If you want to remove the added field from the
list, select the field you want to remove and click on ‘Remove Field’ button.
The line layer created by you will be visible in Layer as shown below
Now you can start digitization, but before starting digitization you
have to enable the editing mode of the corresponding layer. Right click on ‘JP_roads.shp’ line layer and click on ‘Toggle Editing’ as shown below
Zoom into the toposheet where roads are seen, Place
the cursor at feature of interest and click. But before that select the symbol
of road and this could be selected from Style manager. For this click on Settings
and then go to Style manager as shown below
Following window will popup. Here select the symbol of your choice
and close this Style manager window.
Now click on Add Line feature icon from
digitizing toolbar.
Note: If Digitizing
tool bar is not present in your QGIS window, then right click on main menu bar
area and check the Digitizing toolbar as shown below
Now place the cursor on the road and start road
digitization by using left mouse button to insert vertices. When road bends or changes
its profile, then insert more vertices to get smooth curve.
At the end of the
road click on the right mouse button to stop. ‘Attributes’ window will open,
fill in the required attributes for example Name is ‘kuchaman road’ and Type is
‘metallic’, then click OK.
In the same way you can digitize other roads and
define their attributes. Click on Save Layer Edits icon in Digitizing tool bar, to
save the line layer along with its attributes.
Note: We will suggest that after digitization of one road, you should
use snapping tool to digitize the remaining roads. Snapping tool is very
effective to reduce the digitization errors like overshoot and undershoot. For
this
Click on Settings then go to Options as shown below
A popup window will open, here select Digitizing and then in Snapping
option check the box indicating Enable snapping by default. Snapping
tolerance can be set manually. After specifying the snapping tolerance, click OK
If you want to edit any attribute information,
then open the attribute table of ‘JP_roads.shp’ by right clicking on this layer and select Open Attribute Table as shown
below.
Select the attribute by double click and edit it. Now save the edits
and after saving click once again on the toggle button to stop editing. Line
layer creation and editing is over now.
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