Advantages of Geographical Information System (GIS)
Advantage of Geographical Information System
GIS
is very advantageous system/tool especially in geographic location based
studies and planning. GIS is an integration of many system and methods that
make GIS advantageous over the traditional process of geospatial data creation,
analysis and display.
GIS has several advantages over the other systems such
computer aided design and drawing (CADD), automated mapping (AM) etc.
Below are
advantages over other systems
Advantage over Tradition Maps (Printed Maps)
Traditional
Maps have to be printed and in relatively large formats. Although maps can be
compiled into an Atlas but they are not seamless and one has to compare one
page of Atlas with another.
All the maps have to be printed at fixed scales. Maps
cannot provide all the annotation details in the legend with respect to shading
and place names.
Maps
always have a scale bar, even though it is still not easy to calculate the
lengths of features represented on the map and whereas it is difficult to
determine areas of any feature with any higher accuracy.
While
maps can be introduced in GIS from any source and register these maps easily in
GIS environment for further processes. GIS consistently analyze multiple data layer of maps and it is faster than manual process of analysis.
There
are some common issue are related with traditional maps such as
- Loss of paper
- Misplacement
- Miss filling
Whereas
GIS store geospatial database of all maps in computer in the form of different layers and
can be assessed by users connected through network. There layers can be updated
as per need and availability of new source of information.
Advantage over CADD (computer aided design and drawing)
CAD was used to produce maps for a long period and
it was an effective alternate for the manual cartographic methods.
- It is primarily a 2/3-D graphic drawing and design and display systems
- It does not have reference system through geographic location/reference system
- In CADD earth/world is visualize as a 3-D cube, whereas in GIS, world/earth is visualize as a 3-D sphere.
CAD files are represented by layers and spatial data
displayed graphically. A CAD layer may include all the features such as
topography, utility pipe lines, buildings, roads etc. and all the features
viewed as graphic symbols.
While GIS feature class include only one type of
feature and this simplifies the data management process.
Advantage over Automated mapping (AM)/ Facility management (FM) systems
It is primarily a two-dimensional display devices
system is used for utilities mapping. It store attribute data in of utility
system in separate data table.
In this unable to relate different geographical
layers especially in thematic mapping (e.g. Water quality parameters and
cities).
This AM/FM system lacks spatial analysis tools as
compare to GIS.
Most important advantage of GIS is that it can
create spatial relationship among all the data.
This can be defined as
Topology; it describes the connectivity of linear feature and bounding
properties of areas. Due to this GIS have special data structure system.
Advantage over Data Base Management System (DBMS)
In DBMS, data do not contain explicit location
information as compared to GIS. Such as City, state, zip code, etc. But it does not have spatial data in the form
geographical coordinates.
This
GIS integrates query and analysis based on database operations with unique
feature of visualization and analysis of these using maps. These unique
abilities of GIS as compare other information system make it advantageous and
valuable system over the other systems.
Advantage over Modeling and Decision Making
Simulation model can be integrated into GIS for planning and decision making and future based
scenario assessment. For example runoff modeling to assess sediment discharge,
impact of fertilizer discharge through runoff into the river, urban growth modeling and land suitability modeling.
The
advantage of integrating GIS with different mathematical and statistical simulation model that it allows consideration of location based factors and constraints.
As these locations based factors and constraints affect to surrounding environment
and provide real time analysis of future scenario.
Decision
making which includes policy making, planning, monitoring and management can integrate
human influenced factors and constraints. These factors and constraints can
easily incorporate in GIS for better execution of policy and its management by
predicting future prospects.
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